Officers of the Prison Service in fulfilling their tasks in direct contact with persons deprived of their liberty, in a specific isolated working environment. When on duty, there is a risk of difficult and stressful situation. The negative impact on the health of officers may also have intercourse with dangerous biological agents such as HIV, HCV, HBV, or TB, where there is a real risk of infection. The paper presents the results of research aimed at understanding the roads occupational exposure officers and employees of the Prison Service to potentially infectious materials and their frequency of arise in different departments of penitentiary units.